Tuesday, September 30, 2014

A00063 - Sylvia Smith, Memoirist of the Life Banal

Sylvia Smith, Memoirist of the Life Banal, Dies at 67


Rex USA

Sylvia Smith, whose badly written, boring memoirs of her life as a secretary became huge hits in Britain and elsewhere.



Sylvia Smith — who dropped out of high school at 15, never married, lived most of her life in London rooming houses, never had a great adventure or suffered a great misfortune, and never read books by most accounts — began writing her memoirs in her late 40s, when illness and a government disability pension had allowed her to quit the last of a long series of secretarial jobs, most of them as a temp.
It was an unlikely foundation for a literary career. Just as unlikely was the literary stir she created with her first book, “Misadventures,” published in 2001 when she was 55 after years of work and hundreds of rejection letters.
The book, a plainly written, deadpan chronicle of an ordinary life, seemed to push the allowable boundaries of ordinary, entering an edge-of-space world where critics quarrel over literary metaphysics. Reading “Misadventures,” they were divided over whether they saw a bad joke or a kind of outsider-art masterpiece in a passage like this:
“Early in December, Carol asked me, ‘What day is Christmas?’ I replied, ‘I don’t know.’ The following morning she told me, ‘Christmas Day is on the 25th of December.’ I replied, ‘I know that, but I thought you meant what day of the week.’ She didn’t believe me.”
In another passage, Ms. Smith described training as a hair dresser. She liked it well enough. Then one day she “got put off when I was shampooing an old lady’s hair and my fingernails got caught in a growth.”
One critic said the “unremitting banality” of “Misadventures” had put “another nail in the coffin of our cultural life.” In the other camp, reviewers said Ms. Smith had written an existential classic, a work of dry, mordant wit that pricked the fakery in most celebrity-memoir writing.
Comparisons were drawn with George and Weedon Grossmith’s deadpan comic masterpiece, “The Diary of a Nobody,” and with Helen Fielding’s “Bridget Jones’s Diary.” Though not quite a best seller, “Misadventures” nevertheless sold about 15,000 copies.
Ms. Smith, who died on Feb. 23 in a hospital outside London, at 67, said she had intended her books simply to be “hysterically funny” She often laughed out loud while writing them, she said, and never gave a thought to existential philosophy.
“I just liked writing books and wanted to get published,” she said.
She published two more memoirs, “Appleby House” (2003) and “My Holidays” (2004). She had completed a fourth installment of her memoirs, still unpublished, and started on a fifth when she became too ill to keep working a few months ago, said Caroline Dawnay, her literary agent. The cause of death was pulmonary disease, she added.
Ms. Dawnay had come to know Ms. Smith through Jeremy Lewis, an author of literary biographies, who in the 1990s was employed part time by a London publishing house as a reader. He was skimming through unsolicited manuscripts one day, he recalled in an e-mail on Thursday, when he plucked Ms. Smith’s from “the slush pile” and started reading.
“It was a fairly unwholesome-looking document,” Mr. Lewis wrote, “yellowing and dog-eared and bashed out on an old manual typewriter, and I assumed I would read a few pages at most and give it a quick heave-ho.
“To my amazement,” he wrote, “I found myself gripped by this simply written, blow-by-blow account of what was, by most standards, a numbingly tedious everyday life.”
Her reflection-free narratives had a convincing authority, he added. “She created a world that was — to her admirers, at least — credible, self-contained and self-sufficient.” He took the manuscript to Ms. Dawnay, who shopped it around for two years before finding a publisher, Canongate, willing to accept it.
After “Misadventures,” the publisher brought out “Appleby House,” which Ms. Smith had written first, then consigned to a closet after repeated rejections.


Sylvia Smith, Memoirist of the Life Banal, Dies at 67


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As in all her books, “Appleby House” — the title comes from a rooming house she lived in during the 1980s — chronicles her life with detachment and thoroughness, like a bookkeeper keeping a ledger of lives’ loose ends: the marital histories of friends, lists of gifts from Christmases past, a roster of people who had aged badly since she had last seen them at the pub, the names of childhood pets in the order of their deaths.
“There was a single bed against the far wall,” she writes of her room, “and everything was shabbily furnished in either red or white, with the walls, wardrobe, wall cupboard, bedside chest of drawers and fridge in white, and two armchairs, the carpet and curtains in red.”
On her first meeting with the owners: “He looked much younger than her, but I was later to find he simply looked younger than his years.”
On comforting a neighbor who had lost her job: “As I couldn’t help her, I said, ‘Sit down. I’ll make you a cup of tea.’ ”
About apportioning her visits to her parents, who were separated: “I would visit my father every other Sunday, as he lived alone. I would see my mother the last Saturday of each month — she shared a flat with her sister.”
Sylvia Smith was born on May 2, 1945, “in a hospital in Walthamstow, six days before the end of the Second World War,” she wrote in “Misadventures.” “I grew up an only child, as my elder brother, who was born the year before me, died of convulsions when he was 3 days old.”
Her father, Reginald, was a wire worker who made fireplace grates; her mother, Lilian, worked in a factory. Ms. Smith had no known survivors.
Her literary celebrity was short-lived, and not very lucrative. After a round of television appearances and interviews, the public gradually accepted that she was neither a publisher’s gimmick nor a literary hoaxer but rather exactly who she said she was — a former office temp who wanted to be a writer — and the debate over her work died down.
For a time, however, Ms. Smith was able to enjoy the life of an author. In September 2001, she and her agent visited New York to promote her books. She was interviewed and feted. But perhaps as an omen of her literary eclipse, she found the level of interest in her work disappointing and became eager to return home. She booked a flight for Sept. 12. Her plans, however, were postponed by the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.
“Something always goes wrong when I go on holiday,” she told Ms. Dawnay.

A00062 - Yoshiko 'Shirley' Yamaguchi, Political Actress

Yoshiko ‘Shirley’ Yamaguchi, actress, dies at 94

 September 15  
Yoshiko “Shirley” Yamaguchi was a singer, actress and politician whose life was a series of incarnations.
Born to Japanese parents in Manchuria, Ms. Yamaguchi masqueraded as a Chinese actress under the name Li Xianglan in Japanese propaganda films during World War II. (She became a star in Japan, where her name was pronounced Ri Koran.)
After the war, she narrowly avoided treason charges and execution by firing squad in China. Then, as Shirley Yamaguchi — a name she chose because of Shirley Temple — she appeared in a handful of American films and on Broadway. Decades later, as Yoshiko Otaka, she reinvented herself as a TV presenter and served in the Japanese parliament.
She died Sept. 7 in Tokyo. She was 94. Her family announced the death, but did not cite a specific cause.
A rising star during the 1930s and 1940s, Ms. Yamaguchi acted in romantic melodramas produced by the Japanese-funded Manchuria Cinema Association.
She was typically cast as a beautiful Manchurian woman who falls in love with a handsome Japanese hero, usually a seaman, soldier or patriot. Her movie-star looks and fluency in Mandarin transformed her into the film company’s most popular star.
Although she revealed to the film company her true nationality, they promoted her to Japanese audiences as a Chinese national, using her characters to portray a false sense of pan-Asian unity and to advocate the Japanese cause.
“I was a Chinese manufactured by Japanese hands,” Ms. Yamaguchi wrote in her 1987 autobiography, “Half My Life as Ri Koran.” She said that she knew little of the Japanese propaganda efforts and was purposely kept in the dark about the atrocities committed by the Japanese military on Chinese civilians, including the 1937 Nanking massacre.
“I thought I was working for the good of the Manchurian people,” she told the Boston Globe in 1991. “I thought my films were simple romances.”
She garnered fan followings in China, Korea and Taiwan, but most notably in Japan; a 1941 Tokyo live performance in Tokyo reportedly produced a line of people that circled the venue 71 / times.
The most controversial of her pictures was “China Nights” (1940). She portrayed a prideful Chinese war orphan whose ill will against the Japanese is changed when she is rescued by a Japanese military captain who later becomes her love interest.
In one memorable scene, she is brutally slapped across the face by her lover, the force of which knocks her into a wall. Instead of displaying anger, however, she interprets his actions as an expression of love.
“Forgive me!” cries the actress, “It didn’t hurt at all to be hit by you. I was happy, happy! I’ll be better, just watch. Please don’t give up on me. Forgive me. Forgive me!”
The disciplinary action was not well received in midland China and, after the war, the movie’s songs “The Suzhou Serenade” and “Fragrance of the Night” — sung by Ms. Yamaguchi — were banned.
At the end of World War II, Ms. Yamaguchi was charged with treason by the Chinese, arrested and interned in a Shanghai detention camp for nine months.
Her true citizenship was revealed when her parents, at the time under arrest in Beijing, were able to produce her birth certificate that proved she was a Japanese national and have a family friend smuggle it into Shanghai.
Yoshiko Yamaguchi was born on Feb. 12, 1920, in Fushun, Manchuria, which came under Japanese control.
Her father was educated in Beijing and taught Mandarin to employees of the South Manchuria Railway. His daughter, who was bilingual, was raised with the understanding that China was her “home country” and Japan was “her ancestral country,” she told The Washington Post in 1991.
“My father felt, we are the younger brother nation, China is the older brother,” Ms. Yamaguchi recalled.
At 13, she was taken in by a Chinese general, a family friend who she considered a “godfather” figure. He called her Li Xianglan, meaning “fragrant orchid.”
She would use that as her Chinese stage name. After starting in radio, she made her screen debut at 18 in the 1938 film “Honeymoon Express.”
After she was cleared of treason charges — the judge reportedly warned her to leave China or risk being lynched — she attempted to resurrect her film career in Japan. Under her birth name, she starred opposite Toshiro Mifune as a singer who becomes the subject of tabloid attention in “Scandal” (1950), directed by Akira Kurosawa.
A few years later, under the name Shirley Yamaguchi, she began acting in low-budget Hollywood films and was one of the first native Japanese actresses to have a leading role in American movies. Opposite Don Taylor, she played the Japanese wife of an American soldier in “Japanese War Bride” (1952), directed by King Vidor.
She was featured in the 1955 Samuel Fuller-directed film noir “House of Bamboo,” starring Robert Ryan and Robert Stack.
In 1956, she performed in a short-lived Broadway musical production of “Shangri-La,” based on a James Hilton novel. “Miss Yamaguchi has the flowing rhythms, the delicacy of manner and the artistic disciplines that bring ‘Shangri-La’ alive,” wrote the New York Times theater critic Brooks Atkinson.
That same year, her marriage to Japanese American sculptor Isamu Noguchi ended in divorce. In 1958, she married Japanese diplomat Hiroshi Otaka, returned to Asia and retired from movies. Otaka died in 2001. A complete list of survivors could not be determined.
In 1969, Ms. Yamaguchi returned to show business as anchor of a popular Japanese afternoon television talk show, where she covered international conflicts in Vietnam and the Middle East.
She was elected to Japan’s upper parliament in 1974 and served as a member of the governing, conservative Liberal Democratic Party until 1992. As a politician, she worked to promote relations with China and other Asian countries.
“In every period of her life, she was the face of a very political arrangement,” said author Ian Buruma, who wrote a fictionalized account of Ms. Yamaguchi’s life, “The China Lover,” in 2008. “First, she was the face of the Japanese imperialism in China, then the face of Japanese reconciliation with the Americans, and lastly the face of Japanese reconciliation with China and the Third World. She lent her image to all these political changes.”
A musical “Ri Koran,” adapted from her autobiography, was produced in Tokyo in 1991, and a biopic, by Japanese director Hirokazu Koreeda, is reportedly in the works.
Earlier in life, Ms. Yamaguchi wished to have her story depicted on the big screen.
“There is a plan to make a film of my life,” she told the Chicago Tribune in 1989, “but it seems the Chinese don’t want to cooperate.”

A00061 - Polly Bergen, Emmy Winning Actress

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Polly Bergen performing during a 2009 concert celebrating the work of Ira Gershwin at the 92nd Street Y in Manhattan. CreditRichard Termine for The New York Times
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Polly Bergen, an actress, singer and businesswoman who won an Emmy Award in 1958 for her portrayal of the alcoholic torch singer Helen Morgan and was nominated for another 50 years later for her role on “Desperate Housewives,” died on Saturday at her home in Southbury, Conn. She was 84.
Her publicist, Judy Katz, confirmed the death but did not specify a cause.
Ms. Bergen’s career highlights included a chilling turn as the menaced wife of a lawyer (Gregory Peck) stalked by a psychopathic convict (Robert Mitchum) in the 1962 film “Cape Fear,” five years as a panelist on the CBS game show “To Tell the Truth” and a Tony-nominated performance as a gritty former showgirl in the 2001 revival of the Stephen Sondheim musical “Follies.”
The song Ms. Bergen performed in that show, “I’m Still Here,” could well have served as her own defiant anthem.
As a teenager, she began her career singing hillbilly songs on the radio and quickly found roles in movies. Her early credits include the 1949 western “Across the Rio Grande,” in which she played a saloon singer, and three films in which she appeared with the comedy team of Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis.
She made her Broadway debut in the 1953 revue “John Murray Anderson’s Almanac” in a cast that also featured Hermione Gingold, Billy De Wolfe and Harry Belafonte. Determined to make an impression as a vocalist, Ms. Bergen overexerted herself, injured her throat and had to leave the show and undergo surgery.
She was less than thrilled with the quality of the movies she was offered as a contract player in Hollywood, although there were a few exceptions, including “Cape Fear” and “The Caretakers” (1963), in which she convincingly played an inmate in a mental institution ruled by a dictatorial nurse played by Joan Crawford. She also had roles in several light comedies, including “Move Over, Darling” (1963), with Doris Day and James Garner, and “Kisses for My President” (1964), in which she starred as the nation’s first female president.
Ms. Bergen made a number of popular recordings, beginning with “Little Girl Blue” in 1955, and was a familiar presence on television. She was on “To Tell the Truth” from 1956 to 1961, and she hosted her own variety series on NBC in the 1957-58 season. Her performance in the title role of “The Helen Morgan Story,” a 1957 episode of the anthology series “Playhouse 90,” won her an Emmy for “best single performance.” She was also prominently featured in a long-running advertising campaign for Pepsi-Cola.
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Ms. Bergen, who died on Saturday at 84, with James Garner in a photograph shot during the filming of the 1963 movie "Move Over, Darling." CreditDavid Brinn/Associated Press
In the mid-1960s, she began selling a line of Polly Bergen Cosmetics, which she eventually sold to Fabergé. She followed that with Polly Bergen Jewelry and Polly Bergen Shoes. She soon became a successful entrepreneur as well as the author of three advice books: “Fashion and Charm” (1960), “Polly’s Principles” (1974) and “I’d Love to, but What Will I Wear?” (1977). She was also an advocate for women, especially on the subject of reproductive rights.
Ms. Bergen’s three marriages ended in divorce. Her third husband, Jeffrey K. Endervelt, was an investor in companies who turned to her whenever he needed money, which proved to be often. By the time she and Mr. Endervelt were married, Ms. Bergen’s own ventures had made her a millionaire. Over the course of their marriage, however, her fortune vanished, with the stock market collapse of 1987 serving as the final blow. The couple divorced in 1990, and Ms. Bergen, awash in debt, began to claw her way back to financial stability.
She returned to television and appeared in a number of dramas and mini-series, including “The Winds of War” (1983) and a sequel, “War and Remembrance” (1988), which reunited her with Mr. Mitchum. Her performances in those mini-series as the unfaithful and alcoholic wife of a serviceman earned her Emmy nominations.
Ms. Bergen’s infrequent movie credits in the 1990s included “Cry-Baby,” John Waters’s madcap portrait of delinquent high school students in the 1950s, in which she played a snooty society matron. She also appeared in “Once Upon a Time ... When We Were Colored” (1996), as a woman who befriends a young black student in the segregated South.
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Ms. Bergen and Mark Hamill rehearsing for the Broadway production of "Six Dance Lessons in Six Weeks" in 2003. CreditSara Krulwich/The New York Times
Nellie Paulina Burgin was born on July 14, 1930, in Knoxville, Tenn. She was in her early teens when her family moved to Los Angeles, and she soon began singing on the radio and in nightclubs.
Those performances brought her to the attention of executives at Paramount Pictures, who signed her to a contract. She made her movie debut as a cantina singer in “Across the Rio Grande” (1949), whose credits listed her as Polly Burgin. In her next film, “At War With the Army” (1950), the first of the three she made with Martin and Lewis (the others were “The Stooge” and “That’s My Boy”), she became Polly Bergen. After Paramount, she was signed by MGM, but soon walked away from her contract because of dissatisfaction with her roles. She then began to work in television.
Ms. Bergen was plagued by physical problems that kept her from singing for more than 30 years. In 2000, she began a cautious return. When she appeared in New York at Feinstein’s at the Regency, Stephen Holden of The New York Times wrote that her performance “was, in a word, great.”
She returned to Broadway the following year in “Follies.” In an interview with The Times before the show opened, she expressed her delight at once again being able to do “that which gives me so much joy.”
After “Follies,” Ms. Bergen appeared in a Broadway revival of “Cabaret” in 2002; in the short-lived two-character drama “Six Dance Lessons in Six Weeks” on Broadway in 2003, with Mark Hamill as her co-star; and in a number of television shows, including ABC’s “Commander in Chief” and “Desperate Housewives.” Her work on “Housewives” earned her a nomination as outstanding guest actress in a comedy series. She also appeared in an episode of “The Sopranos” as the mistress of Tony Soprano’s late father.
Ms. Bergen is survived by a daughter, PK Fields; a son, Peter Fields; a stepdaughter, Kathy Lander; and three grandchildren.

Wednesday, September 17, 2014

A00060 - Penelope Niven, Carl Sandburg Biographer

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Penelope Niven at the time of the publication of her first book in 1991. CreditScribner
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Penelope Niven was a high school English teacher, nearing 40, when she began work on a biography of Carl Sandburg. She had never written a book before. She didn’t have a Ph.D. in literature and hadn’t even been that familiar with Sandburg’s work.
But the volume she produced 14 years later, “Carl Sandburg: A Biography”(1991), was groundbreaking and helped revive interest in a nearly forgotten poet, Lincoln biographer and literary folk hero of his time.
Ms. Niven died at 75 on Aug. 28 in Winston-Salem, N.C., apparently of an aneurysm, her daughter, Jennifer Niven said.
Ms. Niven followed the Sandburg book with biographies of two other fading luminaries of the Depression and World War II generation — Thornton Wilder, the novelist-playwright who created the perennial American stage favorites “Our Town” and “The Skin of Our Teeth;” and Edward Steichen, the photographer also known as curator of a traveling photo exhibition, “The Family of Man,” that drew millions to its message of universal human kinship during a postwar world tour.
Her subjects shared certain qualities: Each had a fundamentally optimistic view of life; all had been embraced by the public and dismissed, to a greater or lesser extent, by critics for their supposed sentimentality and Reader’s Digest-accessibility.
Ms. Niven brought a spirited defense to the reputation of each, and was praised for illuminating their stories with details from personal documents and unpublished works.
In later years, Ms. Niven told friends that she had always considered herself a writer but had never found her subject or the time — as a teacher and a mother and wife who moved her household across the country several times in the course of her husband’s career — before she almost stumbled into her work as a late-blooming biographer of the nearly lost voices of an era.
She came to the Sandburg project in the 1970s after volunteering to help reorganize an exhibition of his effects and papers at the National Park Service museum at his former home near Flat Rock, N.C. When that became an obsession, it connected her to Sandburg’s heirs and agents, who connected her to Steichen’s (the two men were brothers-in-law) and to Wilder’s.
“She used to say that the book you’re supposed to write finds you,” not the other way around, said her daughter, who is also a writer, of fiction and nonfiction. “She was ‘the wife’ and ‘the mom’ for us — that’s what women did in her era,” Jennifer Niven said. “She was just glad the opportunity came along to start being a writer, too.”
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“Carl Sandburg: A Biography”
Ms. Niven wrote five books in addition to the Sandburg biography: “Steichen: A Biography”(1997); “Carl Sandburg: Adventures of a Poet,” a biography for children (2003); “Swimming Lessons,” a 2004 memoir; “Thornton Wilder: A Life,” published in 2012; and “Voices and Silences,” the 1993 autobiography of James Earl Jones, for which she as a co-writer with the actor.
It described how Mr. Jones, traumatized and virtually mute from the ages of 6 to 14 because of a disabling stutter, became one of the stage’s most distinctive voices.
Penelope Niven was born in Waxhaw, N.C., on April 11, 1939, to Olin Niven, a postal inspector, and Eleanor Niven, a teacher. She received her bachelor’s degree from Greensboro College, in North Carolina, and a master’s degree in English from Wake Forest University.
She was a high school English teacher in Winston-Salem, suburban Maryland and Richmond, Ind.; and after publishing her Sandburg biography, she spent 12 years as writer-in-residence at Salem College, in Winston-Salem.
In addition to her daughter, Ms. Niven is survived by two sisters, Lynn Duval Clark and Doris Barron Knapp, and a brother, William. She and her daughter’s father, Jack McJunkin, were divorced in 1987.
Ms. Niven’s “Thornton Wilder: A Life,” the first major biography of that writer in 30 years, drew on previously undisclosed family papers, and a vast correspondence between him and members of the literary pantheon of his time, including Gertrude Stein, Hemingway and Joyce. Charles Isherwood,writing in The New York Times, praised her sympathetic, “deeply researched and fluidly readable” account of Wilder’s complicated family life and deeply serious literary mind.
“Few writers have emerged from the crucible of the biographer’s attentions in recent years with their reputations as honorable human beings intact.” He added that from Ms. Niven’s decade of research and writing, “Wilder does.”
Her Steichen biography helped clarify Steichen’s contributions to 20th-century American art — and distinguish them from those of Alfred Stieglitz, his better-known fellow founder of photography as an art form, wrote a reviewer in The Washington Post, George Slade. Ms. Niven revealed Steichen — the passionately artistic, relentlessly experimental, and more optimistic of the two photographers — as the more essentially American artist, he wrote.
Ms. Niven had been volunteering at the Sandburg historic site for about three years when she decided that there was material for a book in the thousands of letters and manuscripts in the house where Sandburg had lived for 22 years before his death in 1967. She did not have herself in mind.
“There were letters in the closets, manuscripts under the eaves, and under the beds,” she said to an interviewer in 1991, describing what she had told Lucy Kroll, Sandburg’s former agent, when she had paid a visit to the house one day. Someone needed to write a book. But who?
Jennifer Niven recalled Ms. Kroll’s reply: “I think it’s you.”
The relationship Penelope Niven had developed by then with Ms. Kroll and the Sandburg family gave her access to records that no previous biographers had, said George Hendrick, an emeritus professor of English at the University of Illinois and editor of many Sandburg collections.
Professor Hendrick said Ms. Niven’s book achieved many worthy objectives, but said one was the most important: “It reintroduced Sandburg to a generation of college students who had literally barely heard of him.”