Tuesday, October 8, 2024

A00246 - Caterina Valente, Polyglot Singer Who Was a Star on Two Continents

 

Caterina Valente, Singer Who Was a Star on Two Continents, Dies at 93

Born in Paris to Italian parents and raised in Germany, she had her own show on television in the 1950s and was later a small-screen mainstay in the U.S.

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A black-and-white photo of Caterina Valente, a dark-haired young woman wearing a flowered dress and playing a guitar.
Caterina Valente in a scene from the 1955 German movie “Love, Dance and 1,000 Songs.” She sang in more than a dozen languages and first became a star in Germany.Credit...via Everett Collection

Caterina Valente, a polyglot performer who sang in more than a dozen languages and who was a television mainstay on two continents in the 1950s and ’60s, died on Sept. 9 at her home in Lugano, Switzerland. She was 93.

Her death was announced on her website.

Ms. Valente achieved stardom in mid-1950s Germany in a popular music genre known as schlager: novelty songs, with titles like “Ganz Paris Träumt von der Liebe” (“All Paris Dreams of Love”) and “Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Honolulu Strandbikini.” By 1955, her hits had put her on the cover of the German newsmagazine Der Spiegel.

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A record cover showing a young woman in a plaid bikini standing in front of a surfboard. In the background, three men and a woman look at her.
“Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Honolulu Strandbikini” was one of the first of Ms. Valente’s many hit records.Credit...Decca

Ms. Valente had her own television show in Germany in 1957, and she appeared regularly at the Olympia music hall in Paris throughout her career. Her fluid, confident delivery and sure pitch, as well as her skill as both a guitar player and a tap dancer, carried her across the Atlantic, and by the early 1960s she was a regular on American television.

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Ms. Valente capitalized on her cosmopolitan origins. She was born in Paris to Italian parents, who themselves were entertainers, and brought up in wartime Germany. Fluent in a half-dozen languages, she went on to make records for the French, Italian and German markets, which led to hits all across the continent. She won France’s Grand Prix du Disque for her 1959 recording of the song “Bim-Bom-Bey.”

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A black-and-white photo of Ms. Valente on the set of a TV variety show, with male dancers and balloons behind her. She holds her arms at her side and smiles.
Ms. Valente on a 1966 episode of “The Dean Martin Show.” She was a regular on this and other American variety shows for many years.Credit...NBC, via Everett Collection

In the U.S., she appeared nine times on “The Dean Martin Show” and was seen on the variety shows of Ed Sullivan, Perry Como and others. She performed memorably with Louis Armstrong and Danny Kaye on a 1966 episode of “The Danny Kaye Show.” A jokey 1966 bossa nova duet with Dean Martin has more than 20 million hits on YouTube. In the 1964-65 TV season, Ms. Valente was a regular on “The Entertainers,” an hourlong variety show that also starred Carol Burnett and Bob Newhart.

How The Times decides who gets an obituary. There is no formula, scoring system or checklist in determining the news value of a life. We investigate, research and ask around before settling on our subjects. If you know of someone who might be a candidate for a Times obituary, please suggest it here.

Her reviews in the United States were mixed. Writing about a Bing Crosby special on which she appeared in 1963, Paul Gardner of The New York Times wrote: “The program emerged as a harmless hodgepodge of folk, popular and semiclassical music. Miss Valente, for example, stylized beyond recognition Cole Porter’s haunting ‘I’ve Got You Under My Skin’” — which was, he added, “a silly thing to do.”

When she appeared the next year at the Persian Room in the Plaza hotel, John S. Wilson of The Times wrote, “Miss Valente keeps changing languages frequently enough to give the listener who hesitates in trying to distinguish a Portuguese song from a Spanish song the impression that he is engaged in a pretty rugged game of musical chairs.”

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He praised her “lingual versatility and her ability to take off on flights of wordless vocalizing.” But, he added, “She is not a particularly imaginative performer and is more apt to grind a song down than to light it with life.”

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A black-and-white photo of Ms. Valente, in a white gown, bending forward with her left arm at her side and smiling broadly. A saxophone player is at one side of her; Bill Haley, playing a guitar, is at the other.
Ms. Valente sang with Bill Haley & His Comets in the 1959 West German movie “Here I Am, Here I Stay.”Credit...Arthur Grimm/United Archives, via Getty Images

In Germany, though, her popularity never flagged. Into the 1970s, even after she had expressed a wish to retire, Ms. Valente had Top 10 hits with “Wo die Musikanten sind” and “Manuel” in 1978. Her last live performance was in Leipzig in 1996, when she was 65.

The German press, in appraising Ms. Valente’s career, attributed her early success to West Germany’s yearning in the 1950s to forget the war. Her sunny ballads of love in southern lands, and her unreserved celebration of the German economic miracle, hit the right note for Germans eager to put the past behind them.

“It’s getting better, better, better,” she sang with the Austrian schlager star Peter Alexander, who had been an antiaircraft gunner for the Nazis. “We are creating true miracles, and everyone can see it.”

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With ordinary people beginning to flex their economic muscle and once again venture out into a continent that their armies had devastated, Ms. Valente “strongly stimulated the proto-tourist fantasies of the Germans,” the newspaper Die Presse wrote in its obituary. In 2021, Manuel Brug of Die Welt wrote that she “stoked the southern longing of the postwar generation and always took them a bit to Italy.”

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A black-and-white publicity photo of Ms. Valente as a very young girl, dressed in what looks like a ballerina outfit.
Ms. Valente in 1936. She first performed with her family in Stuttgart, Germany, at age 5.Credit...RDB/ullstein bild, via Getty Images

Caterina Germaine Maria Valente was born on Jan. 14, 1931, in Paris, the fourth child of Giuseppe and Maria Valente. Her father was an accordion player, and her mother was a dancer and vaudeville performer.

Caterina first performed with the family when she was 5, singing the French children’s song “Papa N’a Pas Voulu” in Stuttgart. The family spent the war in Germany and, according to her official website, endured the bombing of Breslau and imprisonment by the Russians.

At war’s end, they returned to Paris and, according to her website, her mother received a booking at the Olympia, helping the family get back on its feet.

Ms. Valente performed with her parents at first. But, encouraged by her first husband, a circus juggler named Gerd Scholz, whom she married in 1951, she began recording on her own. Success soon followed: “Ganz Paris träumt von der Liebe,” according to her website, sold more than 500,000 copies.

Ms. Valente divorced Mr. Scholz in 1971. She is survived by their son, Eric van Aro, and another son, Alexander Budd, from her marriage to the pianist Roy Budd, which ended in divorce in 1980.

She made light of her multinational allegiances. “I’m sure some of you are asking, ‘What kind of a nationality is she?’ Well that’s quite complicated,” she once joked to an audience, adding: “I was born in France, I’m married to a German and I live in Switzerland. That makes me a kind of a musical goulash.”


Sunday, October 6, 2024

A00245 - Song Binbin, Poster Woman for Mao's Bloody Cultural Revolution

 

Song Binbin, Poster Woman for Mao’s Bloody Upheaval, Dies at 77

She was said to have been involved in the first killing of an educator during the Cultural Revolution, drawing official praise. She later apologized for her actions.

Listen to this article · 6:43 min Learn more
A black and white photo of Mao and a young woman smiling at each other as she places an armband around his sleeve. Behind them a young man films the event with a hand-held camera. Glimpses of a crowd can be seen below.
As a student leader of the militant Red Guards, Song Binbin was selected to pin an armband around the sleeve of Mao Zedong in a ceremony in 1966 in Tiananmen Square in Beijing.Credit...Apic/Getty Images

Song Binbin, a student leader of China’s Red Guards who in 1966 was embroiled in the beating death of her high school principal, one of the most notorious killings of the Cultural Revolution — and who publicly apologized for her actions almost a half-century later — died on Sept. 16. She was 77.

Her death was reported by a brother, Song Kehuang, on the Chinese app WeChat, saying she had died in the United States. He provided no other details.

News of her death set off renewed debate on Chinese social media about the adequacy of Ms. Song’s tearful apology in 2014, as well as the Communist Party’s failure to acknowledge the true toll of the Cultural Revolution, the decade-long rampage that Mao Zedong unleashed in the 1960s, claiming more than one million lives, and that remains a heavily censored topic in China.

A daughter of a prominent general in the People’s Liberation Army, Ms. Song was enrolled at Beijing Normal University Girls High School when she and classmates responded to Mao’s call for young people to turn against intellectuals, educators and others who supposedly held bourgeois values.

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On Aug. 5, 1966, students attacked Bian Zhongyun, a 50-year-old mother of four who headed the school. She was kicked and beaten with sticks spiked with nails. After passing out, she was thrown onto a garbage cart and left to die.

Her death has been widely described as the first killing of a teacher during the Cultural Revolution, a violent spasm establishing Mao’s cult of personality, with masses waving his Little Red Book of his writings.

How The Times decides who gets an obituary. There is no formula, scoring system or checklist in determining the news value of a life. We investigate, research and ask around before settling on our subjects. If you know of someone who might be a candidate for a Times obituary, please suggest it here.

In August and September 1966, nearly 1,800 people died in attacks by Red Guards, a militant youth group, and other zealots across Beijing, according to party estimates published in 1980.

Two weeks after Ms. Bian’s death, more than one million young Red Guards thronged Tiananmen Square, where Ms. Song had been selected to pin a red armband around Mao’s left sleeve as they stood atop the towering Gate of Heavenly Peace. A photograph of the moment appeared across the country. Praised by Mao, Ms. Song, at 19, became a kind of celebrity in China.

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A row of five people bow to a bronze statue of a woman.
Ms. Song, center, paid respects to a bust of Bian Zhongyun, the head of a girls high school in Beijing, who was killed by students during the Cultural Revolution. Ms. Song acknowledged responsibility in the murder. Credit...Han Meng

But the whirlwind of the Cultural Revolution soon turned on Ms. Song’s family. Her father, Song Renqiong, was purged from the Communist Party in 1968, and Ms. Song and her mother were put under house arrest. The Cultural Revolution ended only when Mao died in 1976.

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Ms. Song, whose family regained its prominence among China’s elite, traveled to the United States, where she earned a master’s degree in geochemistry from Boston University in 1983 and a Ph.D. from M.I.T. in 1989. She changed her name to Yan Song, married, became a naturalized U.S. citizen and worked for the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection.

She moved back to China in 2003.

For many years, Ms. Song kept quiet about her days in Mao’s Red Guard, reflecting the official silence about the period. But given her former prominence, she faced pressure to speak as a trickle of other former Red Guards began apologizing.

On Jan. 12, 2014, Ms. Song visited her old school and expressed remorse, bowing before a statue of Ms. Bian and delivering a 1,500-word speech. “I am responsible for the unfortunate death of Principal Bian,” she said, according to The Beijing News. (Ms. Bian’s title was officially deputy principal, but she was referred to as the principal because she was serving in that role at the time in an acting capacity.)

In 2004, Wang Youqin, a schoolmate of Ms. Song’s who later became a historian at the University of Chicago, published “Victims of the Cultural Revolution,” a book that included a description of the death of Ms. Bian and of Ms. Song’s role in the turmoil at the girls’ high school.

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After Ms. Bian’s death, Ms. Wang wrote, “Every school in China became a torture chamber, prison or even execution ground, and many teachers were persecuted to death.”

Ms. Song denied that she had participated directly in the beating; she said, in fact, that she had tried to stop others who did. But she acknowledged that she and a fellow student were Red Guard leaders and that they were among the first to post so-called big-character posters — publicly displayed signs handwritten in a large format — denouncing teachers.

“The Cultural Revolution at Beijing Normal University Girls’ High School began when I participated in posting the first big-character poster on June 2, 1966,” she told The Beijing News.

Her apology prompted mixed reactions. Some Chinese welcomed her gesture; others said it was inadequate, too late or needed to be accompanied by a true reckoning from the Communist Party.

Some commenters stressed that Ms. Song should bear a greater burden because of her prominence among the Red Guards. “It’s meaningless to say you witnessed a murder and then say you don’t know who the killers were,” said Cui Weiping, a retired professor of literature who writes about China’s past, as quoted by The New York Times in 2014.

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One person who was unsatisfied was Ms. Bian’s widower, Wang Jingyao. He had taken photos of his wife’s battered body after her death as well as of the posters that her tormentors had hung in their apartment after breaking in. One sign threatened to “hack you to pieces,” another to “hold up your pigs’ ears.”

“She is a bad person, because of what she did,” Mr. Wang told The Times in 2014, when he was 93. “She and the others were supported by Mao Zedong. Mao was the source of all evil. He did so much that was bad.”

Song Binbin was born in 1947, one of eight children of Song Renqiong and Zhong Yuelin, according to a family tree published by Bloomberg in 2012. Her father was one of the “eight elders” of the Communist Party who led the country’s economic opening after Mao’s death, acquiring wealth and influence.

Song Renqiong supported the Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping during the violent crackdown of protesters in Tiananmen Square in 1989. Three of his six daughters left China in the 1980s for the United States and became American citizens, according to Bloomberg.

Ms. Song married Jin Jiansheng, who was president of a Massachusetts company. He died in 2011. Her survivors include a son, Yan Jin.

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At the time of her apology, when she was in her mid-60s, Ms. Song said that she had been anticipating it for some time.

“Failure to protect the school leaders is a lifelong pain and regret,” she said.